3.1 :
A) The cleaneast energy source in my opinion based on the info provided on the website is , solar energy, this is because it is abundant in supply and is compleatly non polluting There are no carbon emissions in converting solar energy to electricity. Therefore it is the cleanest energy source.
B) The reason why solar panels are not commonly used is simply because of cost , manufacturing solar panels is quite expensive , and as such they are quite expensive to use. The other reason why solar panels are not used so commonly is because , energy storage is a big issue , i.e at night and in bad sun conditions there arent too many options of using solar energy and as such an alternative system has to be included in solar applications for backup this drives the cost of solar systems really high.
C) Wind turbines are quite effective in the sense that they can generate direct electricity from the wind. The biggest problem concerning wind turbines is the fact that the energy they generate is very unreliable because of the wind unreliability , i.e sometimes there is a lot of wind sometimes there is nothing , then the turbines will not generate any power which again calls for back up systems , driving costs up.
D) Another clean energy technology would be Fuel Cells , as fuel cells directly oxidize hydrogen , and electrochemically convert chemical energy into electricity, as such they are clean as no co2 is produced. A new source of energy can be the free energy source ,or also known as the zero point energy. There are various models out there which seem to work. But another more realistic new energy is nuclear fusion ( not fission) fusion has no harmful products unlike fission and can provide all the energy we need.
3.2 :
Global warming is essentially the phenomena which is responsible for the increase in the average temperature of the earths near surface air , this phenomena has been significant since the mid- twentieth century. This biggest impact of this increase in temperature has been on the polar ice caps , as they have started melting and this in turn has started causing the ocean level to increase slightly , this in turn affects life in the ocean , a lot of coral reefs are affected a lot of plants and species of fishes have been affected. Another big impact has been the weather patterns have started changing , this is because of natural convection currents , and wind temperatures and velocities , and rain storms , cloud formations are all affected by the temperature of the earths near surface air temperature. The only solution is to stop the damage that has not been done yet , and this can be done by adapting clean energy systems and reducing greenhouse gases like co2 , so2 , and no2 which contribute to the temperature increase of the environment. So we should try and get rid of dirty power plants like coal , gas , nuclear , and switch to hydro power , solar , wind , and so on..
3.3 :
Well i can take action by participating in their rallies and helping out with their website and perhaps preparing material and doing research for them.I don not belong to an such organization as of yet. Perhaps i might become a member of such an organization , but right now ill try to do as much as i can by saving electricity and being more careful about global warming. As of now i dont have any plans on joining such an organization as i am quite busy with school and other things , but perhaps later on i might.
3.4 :
Debate question to Greenpeace and shareholder: As you know there has to be balance between how much wealth can be made at the expense of the environment and how much can be conserved,what do u think this balance should be and how should it be implemented successfully.
26 Haziran 2008 Perşembe
12 Mayıs 2008 Pazartesi
Advertisement: PRESENTATION
Pepsi Company
Hello, ladies and gentlemen. It's a pleasure to be with you today. My name's Elif Alış. I'd like to talk to you about Pepsi Company. First, I will give you historical of PepsiCo.
Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina.
Here’s some basic information about name’s of PepsiCo.
There are several theories on the origin of the word "pepsi".
1) The only two discussed within the current PepsiCo website are the following:
Caleb Bradham bought the name "Pep Kola" from a local competitor and changed it to Pepsi-Cola.
2) "Pepsi-Cola" is an anagram for "Episcopal" - a large church across the street from Bradham's drugstore. There is a plaque at the site of the original drugstore documenting this, though PepsiCo has denied this theory.
Pepsi, "Brad's drink" was changed to "Pepsi-Cola" and later trademarked on June 16, 1903. 1905 A new logo appears, the first change from the original created in 1898. The Pepsi trademark is registered in Mexico, Argentina, Soviet Union successively. 1964 A new product, Diet Pepsi, is introduced into Pepsi-Cola advertising.
Here's some basic information products of Pepsi Company.
There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years, including Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico and Pepsi Ice Cucumber in Japan.
Let’s have a look at some statistics.
2007 2006
Net Revenue: $ 13,591 $ 12,730
Growth Rate: 7% 8%
Operating Income: $ 1,095 $ 1,017
Growth Rate: 8% 6%
Diluted EPS: $ 2,20 $ 1.89
Growth Rate: 16% 11%
Operating Free Cash Flow: $ 597 $ 522
Growth Rate: 14% 4%
Secondly, I will talk about our states in other countries.
The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. (“PBG”) was incorporated in Delaware in January, 1999, as a wholly owned subsidiary of PepsiCo, Inc. (“PepsiCo”) to effect the separation of most of PepsiCo’s company-owned bottling businesses. PBG is the world’s largest manufacturer, seller and distributor of Pepsi-Cola beverages. This company have the exclusive right to manufacture, sell and distribute Pepsi-Cola beverages in all or a portion of 41 states and the District of Columbia in the United States, nine Canadian provinces, Spain, Greece, Russia, Turkey and 23 states in Mexico.
To conclude, I want to tell you about our vision.
PepsiCo’s resposibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate - environment, social, economic - creating a beter tomorrow than today.
Thanks very much for listening to my talk.
Hello, ladies and gentlemen. It's a pleasure to be with you today. My name's Elif Alış. I'd like to talk to you about Pepsi Company. First, I will give you historical of PepsiCo.
Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina.
Here’s some basic information about name’s of PepsiCo.
There are several theories on the origin of the word "pepsi".
1) The only two discussed within the current PepsiCo website are the following:
Caleb Bradham bought the name "Pep Kola" from a local competitor and changed it to Pepsi-Cola.
2) "Pepsi-Cola" is an anagram for "Episcopal" - a large church across the street from Bradham's drugstore. There is a plaque at the site of the original drugstore documenting this, though PepsiCo has denied this theory.
Pepsi, "Brad's drink" was changed to "Pepsi-Cola" and later trademarked on June 16, 1903. 1905 A new logo appears, the first change from the original created in 1898. The Pepsi trademark is registered in Mexico, Argentina, Soviet Union successively. 1964 A new product, Diet Pepsi, is introduced into Pepsi-Cola advertising.
Here's some basic information products of Pepsi Company.
There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years, including Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico and Pepsi Ice Cucumber in Japan.
Let’s have a look at some statistics.
2007 2006
Net Revenue: $ 13,591 $ 12,730
Growth Rate: 7% 8%
Operating Income: $ 1,095 $ 1,017
Growth Rate: 8% 6%
Diluted EPS: $ 2,20 $ 1.89
Growth Rate: 16% 11%
Operating Free Cash Flow: $ 597 $ 522
Growth Rate: 14% 4%
Secondly, I will talk about our states in other countries.
The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. (“PBG”) was incorporated in Delaware in January, 1999, as a wholly owned subsidiary of PepsiCo, Inc. (“PepsiCo”) to effect the separation of most of PepsiCo’s company-owned bottling businesses. PBG is the world’s largest manufacturer, seller and distributor of Pepsi-Cola beverages. This company have the exclusive right to manufacture, sell and distribute Pepsi-Cola beverages in all or a portion of 41 states and the District of Columbia in the United States, nine Canadian provinces, Spain, Greece, Russia, Turkey and 23 states in Mexico.
To conclude, I want to tell you about our vision.
PepsiCo’s resposibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate - environment, social, economic - creating a beter tomorrow than today.
Thanks very much for listening to my talk.
5 Mayıs 2008 Pazartesi
LINKING WORDS
Linking word sentences:
1.Neither is money important to me, nor is success important to me.
2. Smoking is dangerous to one's health;however,millions of people continue to smoke.
3.He passed all his exams;in fact,he graduated with honors.
4.I can't speak French very well;therefore, I didn't enjoy my trip to france.
5.Don't be absent from class;otherwise,you will miss the review.
6.Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by % 1.25.
7.Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed.
8.Although it was cold, she went out in shorts.
9.While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown.
10.He went swimming in spite of the fact that the sea was cold.
1.Neither is money important to me, nor is success important to me.
2. Smoking is dangerous to one's health;however,millions of people continue to smoke.
3.He passed all his exams;in fact,he graduated with honors.
4.I can't speak French very well;therefore, I didn't enjoy my trip to france.
5.Don't be absent from class;otherwise,you will miss the review.
6.Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by % 1.25.
7.Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed.
8.Although it was cold, she went out in shorts.
9.While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown.
10.He went swimming in spite of the fact that the sea was cold.
Unit 3: BUSINESS
Vocabulary :
Cater : 1) A provider; a purveyor; a caterer. 2) (n.) To provide food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
Innovation : 1. Introduction of something new, contarty to established customs, manners or rites. 2. The act of innovating; introduction of new things or methods.
Competitor : One who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who competas; a rival.
Priceless : Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable; worthless.
Strive : To try to achieve a result; to make efforts; to use exertions.
Exceed : To proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to be larger, greater or better than (something); to go beyond(some limit); to surpass; to outgo.
Desire : To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet; more formal or stronger word for want, another word for want.
Intangible : Not tangible; incapable of being touched; not perceptible to the touch; impalpable; imperceptible.
Asset : Any article or seperable part of one's assets.
Reassurance: Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.
Tap into : Gain access.
Reputation : The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing or action; repute.
Loyalty : The state or quality of being loyal; faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation; fidelity to a superior or to duty etc.
Evolve : To unfold or unroll;to open and expand; to disentangle and exhibit clearly and satisfactorly; to develop; to derive; to educe.
Respond : To say something in return; to answer; to reply; to act in return; to exhibit some action or effect in return to a force or stimulus; to do something in response; to show some effect in return to a force.
Encourage : To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit or hope; to mentally support; to motivate.
Demographic : A demographic criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender; a demographic group: a collection of people sharing a value for a certain demographic criterion.
Influence : A flowing in or upon; influx; the power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions; the status of being able to dictate the actions or behaviors of an object or person; moral or political power over a person or group; ascendancy.
Efficiency : The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency; the ratio of useful work to energy expended.
Transparency : The quality or condition of being transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass.
Wealth : Weal; welfare; prosperity; good; large possesions; a comparative abudance of things which are objects of human desire
Warehouse : A store house for wares or goods; to deposit or secure in a warehouse.
Nourish : To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with nutriment; to support; to maintain.
Nourishment : The act of nourishing or the state of being nourished; nutrition;that which serves to nourish; nutriment ; food.
Nutrition : In the broadest sense, a process or series of processes by which the living organism as a whole ( or its component parts or organts) is maintained in its normal condition of life and growth.
Tangible : Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable; possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete.
Breeder : One who, or that which, breeds produces, brings up, etc.
Deteriorate : to make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair; to grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.
Inferior : Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath.Retained : continued in your keeping or use or memory.
Benefit : An act of kindness; a favor conferred; whatever promotes prosperty and personel happines, or adds value to property; advantage; profit.
Urge : To press; to push;to drive; to impel; to force onward; to press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or impertunity.
Recommend: To commend to the favorable notice of another; to make acceptable, to attract favor to.
Capital İntensity : The term in economics for the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor.
Position : The state of being posited or placed; the manner in which anythings is placed; attitude; condition; as a firm; an inclined or an upright position.
Export : To carry away ; to remove; to carry or send abroad or out of a country, especiallyto foreing countries, as merchandise or commodities inthe way of commerce.
Distribute : To devide among several or many ; to deal out ; to apportion; to allot; to dispence; to administer.
Afford : To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result , fruit, or issue; to give grant or confer; with a remoter reference to its being the natural result.
Consumer : To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste or fire; to de devour.
Global : Universal; spherical.
Cater : 1) A provider; a purveyor; a caterer. 2) (n.) To provide food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
Innovation : 1. Introduction of something new, contarty to established customs, manners or rites. 2. The act of innovating; introduction of new things or methods.
Competitor : One who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who competas; a rival.
Priceless : Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable; worthless.
Strive : To try to achieve a result; to make efforts; to use exertions.
Exceed : To proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to be larger, greater or better than (something); to go beyond(some limit); to surpass; to outgo.
Desire : To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet; more formal or stronger word for want, another word for want.
Intangible : Not tangible; incapable of being touched; not perceptible to the touch; impalpable; imperceptible.
Asset : Any article or seperable part of one's assets.
Reassurance: Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.
Tap into : Gain access.
Reputation : The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing or action; repute.
Loyalty : The state or quality of being loyal; faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation; fidelity to a superior or to duty etc.
Evolve : To unfold or unroll;to open and expand; to disentangle and exhibit clearly and satisfactorly; to develop; to derive; to educe.
Respond : To say something in return; to answer; to reply; to act in return; to exhibit some action or effect in return to a force or stimulus; to do something in response; to show some effect in return to a force.
Encourage : To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit or hope; to mentally support; to motivate.
Demographic : A demographic criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender; a demographic group: a collection of people sharing a value for a certain demographic criterion.
Influence : A flowing in or upon; influx; the power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions; the status of being able to dictate the actions or behaviors of an object or person; moral or political power over a person or group; ascendancy.
Efficiency : The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency; the ratio of useful work to energy expended.
Transparency : The quality or condition of being transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass.
Wealth : Weal; welfare; prosperity; good; large possesions; a comparative abudance of things which are objects of human desire
Warehouse : A store house for wares or goods; to deposit or secure in a warehouse.
Nourish : To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with nutriment; to support; to maintain.
Nourishment : The act of nourishing or the state of being nourished; nutrition;that which serves to nourish; nutriment ; food.
Nutrition : In the broadest sense, a process or series of processes by which the living organism as a whole ( or its component parts or organts) is maintained in its normal condition of life and growth.
Tangible : Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable; possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete.
Breeder : One who, or that which, breeds produces, brings up, etc.
Deteriorate : to make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair; to grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.
Inferior : Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath.Retained : continued in your keeping or use or memory.
Benefit : An act of kindness; a favor conferred; whatever promotes prosperty and personel happines, or adds value to property; advantage; profit.
Urge : To press; to push;to drive; to impel; to force onward; to press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or impertunity.
Recommend: To commend to the favorable notice of another; to make acceptable, to attract favor to.
Capital İntensity : The term in economics for the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor.
Position : The state of being posited or placed; the manner in which anythings is placed; attitude; condition; as a firm; an inclined or an upright position.
Export : To carry away ; to remove; to carry or send abroad or out of a country, especiallyto foreing countries, as merchandise or commodities inthe way of commerce.
Distribute : To devide among several or many ; to deal out ; to apportion; to allot; to dispence; to administer.
Afford : To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result , fruit, or issue; to give grant or confer; with a remoter reference to its being the natural result.
Consumer : To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste or fire; to de devour.
Global : Universal; spherical.
LINKING WORDS EXERCISES
Complete the sentence with the appropriate linkword 1
1)
I didn't have enough money to pay for my lunch, ..so.. I had to do the washing up.
2)
..As.. I didn't have enough money to pay for my lunch, I had to do the washing up.
3)
I knew I had to pay the bill ..or.. do the washing-up.
4)
It doesn't seem likely ..that.. he will come.
5)
Don't come ..unless.. you are asked to.
6)
..If.. you change your mind, give me a ring before 3pm.
7)
..Although.. it was cold outside, he went out without his overcoat.
8)
..Even if.. my boss gives me a pay rise, I won't stay in this company any longer.
9)
He failed his exam ..because.. he didn't work enough.
10)
The dog bit the postman ..when.. he dropped the letter into the mailbox.
11)
I won't leave this room ..until.. my work is finished.
12)
..Since.. you ask me, my answer will be clear : No, I won't do it.
13)
Though it didn't take long to reach the hospital, he died ..before.. they got there.
14)
..As soon as.. I have finished this task, I'll go out for a drink.
15)
..In case.. you don't know, she is already married.
16)
I bought an anti-virus program ..so as to.. protect my data.
17)
..After.. I had finished typing the letter, I realized I had typed the wrong one.
18)
"I think, ..therefore.. I am", as Descartes said.
19)
..Whether.. you agree or not, I'll go to the States next year.
20)
..Either.. you do your work properly, ..or.. you won't be allowed to go to the movies tonight.
1)
I didn't have enough money to pay for my lunch, ..so.. I had to do the washing up.
2)
..As.. I didn't have enough money to pay for my lunch, I had to do the washing up.
3)
I knew I had to pay the bill ..or.. do the washing-up.
4)
It doesn't seem likely ..that.. he will come.
5)
Don't come ..unless.. you are asked to.
6)
..If.. you change your mind, give me a ring before 3pm.
7)
..Although.. it was cold outside, he went out without his overcoat.
8)
..Even if.. my boss gives me a pay rise, I won't stay in this company any longer.
9)
He failed his exam ..because.. he didn't work enough.
10)
The dog bit the postman ..when.. he dropped the letter into the mailbox.
11)
I won't leave this room ..until.. my work is finished.
12)
..Since.. you ask me, my answer will be clear : No, I won't do it.
13)
Though it didn't take long to reach the hospital, he died ..before.. they got there.
14)
..As soon as.. I have finished this task, I'll go out for a drink.
15)
..In case.. you don't know, she is already married.
16)
I bought an anti-virus program ..so as to.. protect my data.
17)
..After.. I had finished typing the letter, I realized I had typed the wrong one.
18)
"I think, ..therefore.. I am", as Descartes said.
19)
..Whether.. you agree or not, I'll go to the States next year.
20)
..Either.. you do your work properly, ..or.. you won't be allowed to go to the movies tonight.
LINKING WORDS EXERCISES
Complete the sentence with the appropriate linkword(s) 2
1)
..Although.. they are very good friends, they don't really understand each other.
2)
The economic situation is ..such that.. I don't think it is a good idea to invest in luxury products.
3)
Just ..why.. the boss got so angry with his secretary, I do not know.
4)
The sales team has been working hard ..since.. the beginning of the year.
5)
Let me speak the truth ..as.. I see it.
6)
Better active today ..than.. radioactive tomorrow.
7)
You can start working ..whenever.. you like.
8)
The economic situation is ..such that.. nobody knows what to do.
9)
Everybody wonders ..whether.. the company is going to close down or dismiss some of the staff.
10)
"I'm a poor lonesome cowboy", ..as.. Lucky Luke used to say.
11)
I felt guilty ..as if.. I had done something wrong.
12)
..As for.. asking for a wage increase, I wouldn't even think of it.
13)
He was ..so.. shy ..as.. to refuse all invitations.
14)
The assistant finished the work by friday ..as.. agreed.
15)
Has he answered yet ? Not ..that.. I know of.
16)
She writes this way ..so as.. to shock the reader
17)
Hardly had I started working ..when.. the phone rang.
18)
Much ..as.. I'd like to go to the movies, I have to stay at home to finish this work.
19)
It wasn't very easy to judge ..whether.. the man meant what he said.
20)
Do you mind ..if.. I open the window ?
1)
..Although.. they are very good friends, they don't really understand each other.
2)
The economic situation is ..such that.. I don't think it is a good idea to invest in luxury products.
3)
Just ..why.. the boss got so angry with his secretary, I do not know.
4)
The sales team has been working hard ..since.. the beginning of the year.
5)
Let me speak the truth ..as.. I see it.
6)
Better active today ..than.. radioactive tomorrow.
7)
You can start working ..whenever.. you like.
8)
The economic situation is ..such that.. nobody knows what to do.
9)
Everybody wonders ..whether.. the company is going to close down or dismiss some of the staff.
10)
"I'm a poor lonesome cowboy", ..as.. Lucky Luke used to say.
11)
I felt guilty ..as if.. I had done something wrong.
12)
..As for.. asking for a wage increase, I wouldn't even think of it.
13)
He was ..so.. shy ..as.. to refuse all invitations.
14)
The assistant finished the work by friday ..as.. agreed.
15)
Has he answered yet ? Not ..that.. I know of.
16)
She writes this way ..so as.. to shock the reader
17)
Hardly had I started working ..when.. the phone rang.
18)
Much ..as.. I'd like to go to the movies, I have to stay at home to finish this work.
19)
It wasn't very easy to judge ..whether.. the man meant what he said.
20)
Do you mind ..if.. I open the window ?
2 Mayıs 2008 Cuma
WRITING THE LETTER
1)
Dear Sirs,
We saw your equipment at ITMA Fair in Germany last month. We have recently bought a textile factory and would like to change our old machines and are interested in newer models. I hope to be replied our letter in these days. Please send us your catalogue. We look forward to hearing from you soon.
2)
Dear Ladies,
I have heard about you from my friend, Mrs Selma Aksu. We are now renovating our coiffeur store and I am looking for new cosmetic products. I intend to come your office this week. We would be grateful if you could send us more details. I hope to hear from you in the near future.
Dear Sirs,
We saw your equipment at ITMA Fair in Germany last month. We have recently bought a textile factory and would like to change our old machines and are interested in newer models. I hope to be replied our letter in these days. Please send us your catalogue. We look forward to hearing from you soon.
2)
Dear Ladies,
I have heard about you from my friend, Mrs Selma Aksu. We are now renovating our coiffeur store and I am looking for new cosmetic products. I intend to come your office this week. We would be grateful if you could send us more details. I hope to hear from you in the near future.
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